Essay on Assignment 2 Unit 29 - 1976 Words

In this assignment the author will explain the contribution of complementary psychological theories to the understanding of two specific behaviours, Explain the contribution of contrasting psychological theories to the understanding of two specific behaviours and assess the contribution of complementary and contrasting psychological theories to the understanding of two specific behaviours. P2 In this part of the assignment the author will explain the contribution of complementary psychological theories to the understanding of two specific behaviours The two specific behaviours the author has chosen are aggression and addiction. The biological theory on addiction is this theory believes that there are genetic build ups in a person†¦show more content†¦One way that people can become deindividuated is when they are part of a large group or a crowd. Deindividuation has been used to explain why people who are usually well-behaved can become violent during group interactions, for example, riots. The deindivduation theory complements the social learning theory as agrees that people change depending on role models. The deindividuation theory and the social learning theory compliment each other as they both agree that if an individual witnesses aggressive behaviour the individual could change their personality to match role models which could in turn, change their aggression levels. P3 In this part of the assignment the author will explain the contribution of contrasting psychological theories to the understanding of two specific behaviours Addiction is thought of a biological nature that is past through genetics according to the biological theory as explained in P2. A contrasting theory of the biological theory would be the classical and operant conditioning theory, this was made by Pavlov. The basis of conditioning theories is that addiction is the end result of the reinforcement of drug use. The drug acts as a reinforcer and gains control over the user’s behavior. In contrast to the biological models of the exposure theories, these conditioning models suggest that anyone can show addictive behavior if they are given reinforcements, regardless of their genetics. The advantage of thisShow MoreRelatedContribution Margin Income Statement945 Words   |  4 PagesExcel Assignment #2 Preparing a Contribution Margin Income Statement and Operating Leverage Summer 2013 1. Assume that a company is budgeting to sell 2,500 units of a product at a selling price per unit of $32. The variable cost per unit is $26 and total fixed costs are $5,000. REQUIRED Prepare a contribution margin income statement and calculate operating leverage. 2. Suppose the company is unsure exactly how many units they will sell. As such, their marketing department has providedRead MoreTesco Boston Matrix and Ansoff Matrix1156 Words   |  5 PagesAccess to Business Unit Title: Marketing - Level 3 Credit Value: 6 credits Tutor: Alison Unwin Unit Code: 3-BA1-045 Email: aunwin@centralbeds.ac.uk This unit has 4 learning outcomes. LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT CRITERIA PROPOSED ASSESSMENT EVIDENCE (TBC) Assessment Evidence Answer paper The Learner should be able to: 1. 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Part 1: Denzel Brooks opens a web consulting businessRead MoreBMAC 5203 Accounting886 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ OUM BUSINESS SCHOOL ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION AND ASSESSMENT _________________________________________________________________________ BMAC5203 ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS DECISION MAKING MAY 2014 _________________________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS 1. This assignment contains question that is set in English. 2. Answer in English only. 3. Your assignment should be typed using 12 point Times New Roman font and 1.5 line spacing. 4. YouRead MoreQuestions On Cover Sheet Declaration1647 Words   |  7 Pagescopy of this assignment which can be produced if the original is lost/damaged; 2. To the best of my/our belief, no part of this assignment has been copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where acknowledgement is made in the text; 3. No part of this assignment has been written for me/us by any other person except where such collaboration has been authorised by the lecturer concerned and where acknowledgement is made in the text; 4. No part of this assignment has been previouslyRead MoreStrategic Planning Assignment1403 Words   |  6 Pagesu South Thames College BTEC Level 7 Extended Diploma in Strategic Management and Leadership Assignment Submission Document Please attach to work submitted | | | | |Student Name: |Student ID: |Course Code: | Read MoreRandom1474 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose The purpose of this assignment is to increase self-awareness of the student by analyzing personal nutritional intake and activity routine throughout the course. In turn, the student will be able to help others modify their diet and activity, and improve overall wellness. An examination of a personal food and activity assessment will provide the student with essential data from which to change their health and wellness behaviors. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meetRead MoreEvaluation Of A Customer Relation Assignment : Observation Of Three Different Healthcare Service Organizations1324 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper discusses the results from a customer relation assignment which was designed to create knowledge through observation of three different healthcare service organizations. This technique provided ample amounts of information on how different healthcare facilities handled costumer relations. The paper is written in a first person experience and covers the following information such as type of the organization and services provided at each of them. Then the paper will continue to explain the

The American Dream In James T. Adamss The American Dream

The phrase â€Å"The American Dream† was popularized by James T. Adams in his book Epic of America. The meaning of the American Dream has changed overtime but still has the same idea: anything is achievable if you work for it, regardless of your financial or social standpoint. The twentieth century was filled with Americans in the working class motivated by the popularized phrase. People wanted to work and improve their positions, but suddenly, everything changed. The American dream turned merely a dream; a literal dream that can’t be physically touched. The dream isn’t completely dead, just not unattainable for most. The difference in today’s society from the past is what changed the thoughts on the dream. Technology is excelling rapidly,†¦show more content†¦Andrew Carnegie is a perfect example of someone with the patience and work ethic who achieved the American dream. Carnegie started off as an awfully poor person, he made 4 dollars a week at his job at the American Railroad Company. However, he worked his way up the totem pole and eventually became known as one of the richest men alive. In an article written by the researcher Joe Mont, says that Carnegie is known as the second-richest man of all time (CITATION). Carnegie worked for what he wanted; it took years to achieve where he was! Our impatience of today’s society due to technology has lead the American dream to be out of arms reach, and no one is willing to get up and go after it. Next, the pessimism in low income families/neighborhoods is killing the American Dream. The American dream is meant to give hope for families in low income financial situations. Therefore, rich families who have everything they could ever want are already living the american dream; they don’t need to reach it. It is the low income families who are the ones looking for the American Dream, and the reason it is dying is because they don’t believe in it. A quote from the book Invisible in Austin: life and labor in an American city states, â€Å"In fact, people raised in the United States are more likely to stay in the same class as their parents--both those born at the bottom and at

Ah, Woe Is Me Free Essays

In the beginning of this short story we are introduced to Sarah, an aging black servant living in South Africa. She works hard for an upper-class white family and spends all of her money on education for her three children who are sent to a boarding school. They come home once a year at Christmas, and the first time the narrator meets the children, she is surprised at their well-mannered behaviour. We will write a custom essay sample on Ah, Woe Is Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now She finds, however, that Sarah is a bit harsh towards them, and she comments on this. Sarah tells her that it is better to learn the lesson now and grow to accept ones fate later. In the course of the following year, Sarah must give up her job because of her legs, and one day her daughter comes to the house. Slowly she tells her story to the narrator. How the younger brother is working now, and how she is taking care of Sarah. The narrator offers her some clothes and some money and invites her inside for a cup of tea. When she is about to leave, she starts crying and can only mutter that her mother is very ill. Unsure of what to do, the narrator hands her a handkerchief. The setting in this story is South Africa in the 1950s. Apartheid and segregation are words that describe the conditions under which the blacks (the native Africans) live perfectly. The blacks nearly have no rights and must accept being oppressed by the whites. Sarah is only one of many poor blacks who only just manages to earn a living by working as a servant for a rich white family (the narrator). Slavery does not exist anymore, but it can be difficult to distuingish the life of a slave from that of a native African in the 50s except from the fact that they do after all get paid for their work. Sarah is very concerned about her children getting a good education. She probably wants them to have a better life than she has had so far, and while that is a very noble thought, the facts speak against it. Her children do not at this time have a very good (if any) chance of getting a good solid education because it is very expensive, and their mother does not make that much money. Even if she did make enough money, her legs are bad, and at the end of the story, she has to give up her job (and thus take her children out of the boarding school) because she cannot afford to pay for the school. This is what could look like the final blow to her childrens future success in life. No education means no chances of getting a better life in South Africa (and just about everywhere else, too). But what if she did have enough money to give her children a proper education – would that guarantee the children a good future life I gravely doubt it. As I said before, the blacks live almost like slaves, and as such, they do not have the opportunity to climb the social ladder. All in all, Sarahs hopes and dreams for her children are all very noble, but, unfortunately, at that time and place, very unrealistic. The narrator does not treat Sarah any better than most other white people in South Africa at this time. While she allows Sarahs children to stay in her house during Christmas, I think the only reason she does it is because she tries to escape her own bad conscience. It is Christmas after all. Throughout the rest of the year, she does not even think about helping Sarahs children financially so they can stay in school. Even though she presumably has more money than Sarah will ever see, the thought of helping her servant out does not strike her at any point in the story. Her servant is her servant, and servants children are not someone she thinks about. This point is also very clear to see when one reads the description of the narrators thoughts about Sarahs children. She is surprised at how well they behave, how good their manners are; as if she was expecting a horde of wild animals instead of normal human beings. She is undoubtedly not the only one to think this way about the blacks, they were considered animals by many white people at that time. However, the narrator seems to excuse her treatment and behaviour towards Sarah and her family with ignorance (see lines 99-103). I find it hard to believe that this ignorance really existed, but it is possible that it did, because the whites and the blacks were so distinctly segregated by the apartheid system. Yet I find it hard to believe that the narrator was completely unaware of Sarahs almost inhuman standard of living. Surely, even though apartheid almost divided the whites and the blacks into two separate worlds, she must have known something about the conditions under which Sarah and her children lived, and that it was getting worse as the days went by (because of the mothers bad legs). When Janet, one of Sarahs two daughters, comes to visit the narrator in the end of the story, the narrator once again displays her ignorance about the blacks, but this time she openly admits it. Janet is, of course, in an unpleasant situation when she stands in the back yard of her mothers former employer. Everyone has some pride in themselves, and standing in the back yard, asking for alms is, of course, very degrading to a proud person, no matter who that person is. Janet has probably tried being in a similar situation before, but now that her mother is unable to provide for the disintegrating family (her father has lost his job and her sister has married and moved away), the life and death of her family depends solely on her and her brother who are the only ones working. Janet is of course very depressed and sad, but she cannot give up now. Her last hope is that the narrator will help her out, and, fortunately, she does. The handkerchief is actually the first thing the narrator has ever done to help Sarahs children. It is not until that point in the story Janet realizes just how bad things are with Sarah and her family. Of course, one could again be tempted to think that it was only her bad conscience that made her give Janet the clothes, but there is no way to be sure. I am, however, inclined to believe that the narrator has finally realized how immense the difference between the â€Å"black world† and the â€Å"white world† really is. However, the things she gives Janet (some money and the handkerchief) will not last long, and what will Janet do then Come back for more, of course. I am not saying that the narrator is doing something bad, but I do not think she realizes that Janet will probably come back again. It is like giving a stray cat some food; it will always come back for more. The question is if the narrator would give Janet more money if she came back, and if it would be any help at all. The first question is easy: Yes, she would give her more money if she came back – her conscience forbids her to do otherwise. The second question is a bit more difficult to answer. Of course the money is an instant help to Janet and her family, but only a very insufficient one. The few dollars (or whatever currency they use in South Africa) she gives Janet will only provide the family with a meal or two, and after that they will be back to where they started, and would have to beg for more money. Now, I am not saying charity does not help, but I do not think it helps as much as many people would like to think it does. In many cases, it only puts off the sufferings. The apartheid system has officially been abolished in South Africa today, but I think old habits die hard, so to speak. I am sure there are still blacks like Sarah and her family who have to subordinate to the richer white population even though – officially – apartheid does not exist there anymore. Societies do not change overnight, especially not when one group has to give up its right and privileges and share them with others (whom they dislike). Sarahs story is undoubtedly not the worst example one could find, but no one knows what happened after the scene in the narrators back yard. How to cite Ah, Woe Is Me, Essay examples

Clara Hale Essay Research Paper Black History free essay sample

Clara Hale Essay, Research Paper Black History Month is a great clip to observe out history, accomplishments, and achievements. February should non be the lone clip but it is surely a good clip to get down. Many inkinesss have done extraordinary things. I admired Clara McBride Hale. She works with crack-addicted and HIV-positive babes. Clara McBride Hale was born in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. She has suffered tonss in her life-time. She became an orphan at 16, and a widow at the age of 27. She merely had her kids, and she kept them near. She? adopted? a 3rd kid, and raised him as her ain. She became dearly known as Mother Hale to all in the vicinity. She began remaining at place and lovingness for the vicinity childs bear downing merely $ 2 per hebdomad. She subsequently became a accredited Foster parent. Hale House was started when Clara? s girl, Lorraine noticed a crack-addict female parent with a neonate. We will write a custom essay sample on Clara Hale Essay Research Paper Black History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She directed her to her female parent? s house, and this babe was the first of 1000s of childre N to harvest the love, support, devotedness, and attention from the weaponries of Mother Hale. Hale House is America? s foremost and best known kid attention bureau to derive world-wide acknowledgment when Ronald Reagan introduced Mother Hale as he gave his 1986 State of Union Address. She was called an American hero, and was appointed to the National Drug-Free America Task Force. Many of the kids come to Hale House from prisons, constabulary Stationss and infirmaries. They get their support largely from private contributions and times do acquire really unsmooth. Hale House is still in operation today. It has become a national function theoretical account for kids without households. It is a great topographic point to maintain these kids to maintain them out of back streets, refuse tins, and many topographic points where female parents abandon their newborn kids. Sadly, Mother Hale passed off in 1993. In her award, a lifesize statue was built for her in Harlem. Her dream and devotedness lives on in the lives of the kids she has helped raise and the many that will go on to profit from Hale House.

Taking Chances free essay sample

My mother recently read me a commencement speech she had made at a local high school. She read it to me in hopes that shed satisfy my endless quest for answers answers to everything. Ever since I was very young, I have looked to my parents and grandparents, friends and teachers for guidance. Afraid to make a mistake, Ive asked countless times, What should I do? Maybe I was afraid to take my first baby step on my own, I dont remember. But somewhere along the line I decided I only wanted to do things the right way, even if it meant not doing something like trying out for a part in a play. I made doing it the right way my credo. What did I miss out on? Maybe I could have landed the part of Dorothy in a local community theatre. Maybe I could have sung a solo with my church choir. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Chances or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ill never know because I only wanted to do things the right way. Sometime during my high school years, I changed. Maybe it was when I decided to try for the lead in Beauty and the Beast. Never mind that I would have to memorize lines and choreographed movements, I would take the chance that I might fail. The day of tryouts I was still telling myself, If you dont think you can do it the right way, just dont go. My heart was pounding. My hands were shaking so badly when I got up to sing, that I wasnt certain the people holding the audition would hear me above the rattle of the paper. But something happened. When I opened my mouth to sing the sound was loud and powerful and sweet. I reached for the high notes that sometimes were beyond my reach and nailed them. With no crack in my voice. I was trying to do my best even though I might fail. But I didnt. That audition probably wasnt the end of the trap that kept me from trying but it was definitely an important part of the process. I guess I realize that if I want to live life to the fullest, I have to take chances. Now, I do take these chances, small ones, with baby steps, every day; voicing my opinions in class discussions or debates, reaching for a high note when I sing in chamber choir, performing in other school plays, riding my horse over a three-foot jump. Three years ago, I fractured two vertebrae when I fell from my horse going around a hunt course. That was a case of genuine risk that could be considered real failure. I couldnt carry a book bag or take gym for four months. It was both frightening and life limiting. I couldnt ride didnt want to ride for nearly a year. The injury meant I couldnt try out for basketball, which I loved. And, the day I tried out for track was the first day my doctor allowed me to do any physical activity at all. The coach didnt take me. I was, after all, out of shape. But I still liked to run, so I started running with my mom. No stop-watches. No cheering crowds. I hadnt made the track team, but I hadnt failed either. I have finally learned to push myself. Im taking a tough science course right now. Some of my friends are talking about auditing the class so a low grade wont affect their chances for college. Me, Im taking the chance that if I try hard enough, Ill get a good enough grade that it wont detract from my strong grades in other subjects. I have come to realize that even though my parents and grandparents, friends and teachers dont always have the answer to What should I do? they will be there to support me when I try. Life is learning to deal with Plan B, my mother stated in her speech. But I now know that the Plan As I make for my life will become easier and easier with every chance I take. Taking Chances free essay sample How do you feel about sharing secrets with someone youve technically never met? Or saying how your life Is to someone that you havent even seen face-to-face? What about Going to the extent of falling in love with that anonymous stranger? For some people, these things seem out of reach but actually, making a friend from the internet is quite thrilling. I know that most people would immediately say, Thats so dangerous, Id better not ever do that. , but actually, its not as scary as it may seem. How can I say this confidently?Just a year ago, I was as scared as a normal person But right now, after taking chances, I have made a few internet friends myself, and I dont regret one bit of it, in fact, its one of the best risks Vive taken. I wasnt planning to brag, I just dont want people to think that Im doing this without a bit of experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Chances or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its not even all that dangerous If you Just use your head, dont give out your address, dont share personal details Immediately, or dont give out your last name If you want if you dont feel comfortable yet, then just dont do it, its simple as that, use our head.If they pressure you, then stop talking to them, your mind knows where that leads to. Just think. Or better, if you cant stop yourself from being impulsive, then forget about it, stick to personal friends. The idea of earning a friend through the internet right now may seem distant but having one has its fair share of perks. For one, it feels great to actually say that you have a friend from another country, Just imagine having a friend from Japan or Korea for an instance. You learn the different lifestyle and culture of their country.Or even pick up a few words and phrases from their language. There might even be some cases where you have homework about their country or so, you can ask them a few questions for a bit of help. Second, If you meet someone older, around 18 and above, you can ask them for advice. Whether its because you dont know what to do about that certain person or because youre confused which is wrong or right. They can help you out a lot. Or even if youre feeling down, they can pick you right back up with a look on the brighter side.Third, if you go through forums, you can easily find people with your same interests and talking to them will never be awkward since you will always have a topic. Befriending people will be easier because youll never get awkward atmosphere with your common interests and through that, you will know each other better since one topic leads to another hundred topics, before you know it, its like both of you have been friends for a long time. The other reasons vary from what kind of friendship you have with that person. .. Web Its because they never let you be lonely, they literally make you laugh-out- loud through the internet, or because theres something about them that really you can never really see whats behind that other monitor But it can always be either good or bad. A kidnapper? A mental patient? What if theyre Just a teenager like you, Just looking for a friend? No one can ever know for sure. So the key in forging something as spontaneous as this is learning when to take the risk. When to make decisions and if that decision is for the best. Take the chance.

The role of third cinema essays

The role of third cinema essays Third Cinema as Guardian of Popular Memory refers to popular memory as an oral historiography of the Third World folklore, serving as an account of memories passed from generation to generation. Unlike traditional Western Cinema, like that of the United States which is overly concerned wit money making cinema of this genre differ on many levels, associating perspective from historical, political and social angles. Third World Cinema is more a new form of expression that has not yet cultivated its own cultural voice, however through constructed cinematic language accurately reflects the people, their culture and their traditions. According to Teshome H. Gabriel, Cinema of this genre serves to be a soldier of liberation. in the post-colonial aftermath, people of the Third World struggle to find their own voice, their own culture, as well as their own independence, their aim centers on their desire to forge their own paths beyond years of colonial influence and cultural repression. Cinema is therefore used as an art form of expression the can produce a product which can herald attention to a culture that was once oppressed by colonialism therefore encouraging the cinema as a weapon to fight oppression, regarding film as a revolutionary tool. Therefore through artistic means, film makers of this genre are able to pave the way for revolution, liberation of the people. Third cinema concentrates on a cinema dedicated to a clear and honest portrayal of the Third World people, one that caters for and represents them. For example during Rue Princess, the film begins with images of African theater dance. There is an attentive concentration to the detail of African culture, for example the camera view moves along to encompass several differently dressed dancers however the focus is on the leader singer and dancer as she moves across the stage. In this scene long shots are used to incorporate detail and capture ...

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Essay - 1

In the United States, we do not need to plan for retirement. Social Security will cover our needs when we are retired - Essay Example Thus, there is an overall increase in the global population, which is going to have repercussions not only on the United States, but also on the global community. One of the areas in which our future society is going to be most effected is in the field of social security because the growth of our population and the rise of an older generation of people is going to cause economic havoc not only on benefits such as tax cuts and social security, but also on the entire economic system. Social security was created as a social welfare program that was designed to take care of people as they aged and became less productive members of society. It was first proposed by Roosevelt as part of the New Deal in order to move America out of the Great Depression. Since then, the original concept and act has been rewritten and developed so that it can stay current with the times and adapt to meet the demands/changes of the population. It was designed so that at a certain point, people would retire, ho wever they would still be receiving a check from the government every month that would help pay for their living expenses. In this way, equilibrium would be kept between those that were younger and more productive in the working environment by freeing up the jobs held by older people. It is through taxation that the government is able to fund the checks to take care of the elderly, however there are problems that will be facing a new generation of people, as there is an increase in the number of elderly (Livingston 1-31). As stated previously, the lives of humanity are being expanded due to advances in medical science and people are now having more children. There is an accelerated growth in the human population on the planet that is going to have problems keeping up with this growing population. In the United States, this is going to be seen with the â€Å"Baby Boomers.† These were individuals that were born between the years of 1946 and 1964. This explosive growth in the po st-world war II population was good in that it stimulated the economy by providing a workforce to both work and consume in the economy. With an increasing number of these Baby Boomers retiring, more and more money is being used from social security, which is putting a strain on this economic system. Along with the already increasing budget cuts and problems with taxation, there is not enough funds coming into the system in order to provide financial benefits after retirement. In essence, the current workforce is going to be paying for these people’s social security, but will have no form of social security of their own. By the time it reaches the next generation of children to retire, there will be very few benefits of social security remaining (Andersen, and Taylor 370-75). Social security is also having an effect on the medical care system and vice versa. One of the benefit adjuncts of social security is the medical insurance that is supplied to all senior citizens. Again, this is supplied through the taxation of the population. As more elderly citizens begin to tap into this resource, the less that will be left for the rest of the population once they hit retirement age. Even though medical technology has become more advanced and is saving lives, there is a costly rise in the costs of healthcare associated not only with the implementation of treatments and procedures, but also with the research and development that goes into the creation of these. More and more

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) - Essay Example Foreign direct investment has increasingly been a business trend of multinational corporations within the global economy.Foreign Direct Investment is defined by Ho and Yiu Lau as the investment of a company in a foreign country which aims at acquiring a long-term economic interest in business enterprises within the host country. FDI can also be defined as an investment of a company in a foreign country by building a factory within the host country. It is through a company’s direct investment in machinery, building and equipment in another country that foreign direct investment is made possible. With the emergence of globalization and the global economy, FDI has played a leading role in the development of global business enterprises. Kennedy (2001, p. 585) say that the definition of foreign direct investment has been broadened with the increased change in the patterns of global investment by companies. As a result, FDI includes acquisition of managerial interests in companies a nd enterprises in foreign countries. The managerial interest may not involve investment in buildings or equipment but managerial decisions are determined by executives who are foreign to the host country. The rapid growth of companies which is attributed to the internationalization and use of technology has expanded FDI to incorporate the growth patterns of world economies as demonstrated by Constant and Yaoxing (2010, p. 99) Foreign direct investment is a reaction to the increased liberalization of business activities, changes and advancements in information and communication technology and capital market changes. Jermakowicz and Bellas (1997, p. 33) explain that through the liberalization of national and regional business regulatory frameworks and governance, foreign direct investment has been achieved. Globalization has enabled foreign direct investment to be achieved by international companies and corporations. It is however argued that information and communication technology h as played the most significant role in the achievement of foreign direct investment. Technology has allowed companies to invest in foreign countries due to the ease of management that is made possible through the adoption and implementation of information systems. In return, foreign direct investment has enabled the process of internationalizing businesses and companies hence promoting the growth of the global economy as said by Fahim-Nader and Zeile (1995, p. 57). Foreign direct investment can take several forms. According to Driffield and Munday (2000, p. 21), there are many forms of foreign direct investment and these include joint ventures, construction of facilities, acquisitions, mergers, strategic alliance, licensing and input of technology. Joint ventures as a form of foreign direct investment includes a company engaging in a business endeavor with another company within a foreign country. The business activities of the joint venture are usually carried out within the host c ountry. Joint ventures within foreign direct investment include two companies from two different countries coming together with an intention of undertaking a business in a specific industry for achievement of common goals. Belderbos, Jie-A-Joen and Sleuwaegen, (2002, p. 155) assert that in foreign direct investment, companies may construct facilities such as factories, hospitals, institutions or infrastructure in a foreign country. This form of foreign investment thus involves direct and active input of capital for construction of these facilities. The investor company that ventures in the foreign direct investment through building structures usually takes the ownership of these structures even though they provide economic benefits to the host country. Lowe (2006, p. 34) explains that acquisitions as a form of foreign direct investment includes a company acquiring the assets of another company within the foreign country. The acquisition of a foreign company makes the investing compa ny the

How will opportunities at Purdue support your interests both in and Essay

How will opportunities at Purdue support your interests both in and out of the classroom - Essay Example I could separate the toy parts and resemble them perfectly. Moreover, fixing things has always been a part of me. I once bought a second-hand Apple laptop that was not efficiently operational. Interestingly, I replaced all the parts with new ones and ensured proper maintenance for my machine. Indeed, I have always been up to such challenges. My mum’s vacuum cleaner functions at its best courtesy of my fixative interests. I fixed it. I took a gap year in high school to enhance my practical skills. During that year, I worked in a BMW dealership enterprise. I was an apprentice. Performing general maintenance, fluids and parts replacement and general repair were my primary tasks. During the ten months of my service in the enterprise, my practice was above par. Besides working for ten hours a day and six days a week, I enhanced my handwork skills. I adopted a high-speed operation technique that enables me to perform any practical task in time. Such an experience was an explicit preparation for a course and future career in mechanical

Study Into Female Pain During Childbirth

Study Into Female Pain During Childbirth SUMMARY Delivery is a one of the miracle of every womens life. The mothers suffer much distress. After child birth due to painful perineum. Perineal pain is most commonly associated with child birth by vaginal delivery. Pain following episiotomy appears to be universal. The mother undergoing episiotomy is characterised by greater blood loss in conjunction with delivery, and there is a risk of improper wound healing and increased pain during early puerperium. Various interventions are found to aid the healing process, which include cleanliness, applying ice pack, topical application by dry heat (infrared therapy), sitz bath performance of kegels exercise and perineal care. Any outward incident in the family may cause shees and stain which in turn will affect the psychological well being of the mother. Aromatherapy is effective for reducing labor pain, decreasing stress hormones, alleviating depression and anxiety, and increasing interactive behaviors between parent and child. Lavender oil is a great aid to perineal healing. So, the investigator assessed the effectiveness of lavender oil sitz bath on reduction of episiotomy wound healing and psychological wellbeing among postnatal mothers in Gani hospital, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu. Objectives of the study were To assess and compare the pre and post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the experimental group of postnatal mothers. To assess and compare the pre and post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the control group of postnatal mothers. To compare the pre test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing between the experimental and the control group of postnatal mothers. To compare the post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing between the experimental and the control group of postnatal mothers. To associate the post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the control group of postnatal mothers with selected demographic variables The assumptions of this study were The assumptions of the study were. Unhealing and inadequate care of episiotomy wound may predispose to vulval haematoma, infection, wound dehiscence and scar endometriosis. Lavender oil sitz bath may improve the wound healing psychological wellbeing. Hypotheses of the study were RH1 There is a significant difference between pre and post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the experimental group of postnatal mothers. RH2 There is a significant difference between pre and post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the control group of postnatal mothers. RH3 There is a significant difference in pre test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing between the experimental and the control group of postnatal mothers. RH4 There is a significant difference in post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing between the experimental and the control of group of postnatal mothers. RH5 There is a significant association of post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the experimental and the control group of postnatal mothers with selected demographic variables. Review of literature collected for the studies related to The literature gathered from exclusive review is depicted under the following heading. Section A: Literature related to episiotomy. Section B: Literature related to episiotomy wound healing. Section C: Literature related to psychological wellbeing of mother with episiotomy. Section D: Literature related to lavender oil sitz bath on episiotomy wound healing and psychological wellbeing The conceptual frame work opted for the study was based Ludwig Von Bertalarffy `s general system theory and it provided a complete framework in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The research design selected for the study was true experimental pre and post only design was used and the study was conducted in the postnatal ward in Gani Hospital, Tirunelveli Dist, and Tamil Nadu. The tool used for data collection consisting of demographic variables which include age, education status, work pattern, type of the family and parity. The assessment level of episiotomy wound and psychological wellbeing among the experimental group and the control group were measured by using REEDA scale and structured observation check list . The tool was validated by 2 experts in the field of obstetrician and gynecologist and 3 experts in obstetrician and gynecologist nursing personnel and the reliability of the tool was established by interpreter reliability method. The value of the reliability was r=0.9. The tool was highly reliable to conduct the main study. The pilot study was conducted in Gani Hospital, Tirunelveli district among 6 samples out of which 3 were in the experimental group and 3 were in the control group of postnatal mothers. The experimental group received lavender oil sitz bath but no one had lavender oil sitz bath in control group. The finding revealed the feasibility, reliability and practicability of the tool for conducting main study. No modification was made after pilot study. Pilot study period was 4 consecutive days from28-4-2010 to1-5-2010 from 9am to5pm. The main study was conducted at Gani Hospital, Tirunelveli district. Tamil Nadu. The 60 postnatal mothers who fulfilled the inclusive and exclusive criteria were selected for the study ,out of which 30 mothers were the experimental group and 30 of them were the control group . Sample was selected by using simple random sampling method by Lottery method. Mothers who came under group A lottery will come under the experimental group of mother and mother who came under group B lottery will come under the control group of mothers. The investigator gave lavender oil sitz bath to the experimental group . Lavender oil sitz bath is Lavender oil is added with warm water in a basin and asked the mother to sit for 15 minutes 2 times per day about 3 days in the experimental group. Hospital routine care was given to the control group. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted based on the objective by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study revealed that the calculated t value was 8.75 which showed highly statistical significant difference in post test level of episiotomy wound status and psychological wellbeing among the experimental group and the control group of postnatal mother at p

The Poet Essay -- Essay s Papers

The Poet The Poet is about a search for a serial killer that the FBI names â€Å"The Poet† due to this person’s signature of forcing the victims to write suicide notes in the form of a quote from Edgar Allen Poe. Jack McEvoy, a newspaper reporter from Denver, is the brother of a victim who was killed by the Poet. In an attempt to avenge his brother’s death McEvoy, and the FBI, form a nation-wide manhunt in search of this cunning illusive killer. The Poet begins with the Rocky Mountain Newspaper reporter Jack McEvoy being informed of his twin brother’s suicide. As two of the detectives from the Denver police department who also worked with Sean McEvoy in the Crimes Against Persons unit inform McEvoy of the incident, he immediately has doubts about his twin’s alleged suicide. Seeking to better understand what his brother did and what the Denver PD says his brother did, Jack McEvoy decides to write a story for the paper about his brother. From this point on McEvoy began to learn about evil in a new way. Sean McEvoy was discovered in his car in a parking lot at Bear Lake, and the park ranger who discovered him came immediately after he heard the gunshot to find him dead. The investigators came up with the information that Sean had placed the gun inside his mouth and killed himself. Due to the high stress that Sean’s co-workers and therapist had experienced him in due to the current homicide investigation, the case was closed and it was ruled a suicide. Jack investigated his brothers death and the further he got into the case the more clues he found suggesting foul play. The final line written on the inside of the windshield by Sean McEvoy was ‘Out of Space out of Time.’ Jack linked the epitaph with the final entry in the chronological record of the case his brother was working on which read simply that he’d received a call from an unknown source and then: RUSHER was written. The connection was made by McEvoy to a similar suicide case in Chicago where a detective’s last words written on a pad were ‘Through the pale door’ taken from an Edgar Allen Poe story titled â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† in which the main character is Rodrick Usher. As McEvoy used this information about RUSHER, he also related his brother’s line ‘Out of Space out of Time’ to a Edgar Allen Poe poem called â€Å"Dream-Land.† Sean McEvoy was deeply involved with the investiga... ... the shower. Also, Backus’ former bride to be stated that he would make her shower immediately before and after making love. Another insight into how Backus worked was the letter the FBI received from The Poet written to Bob Backus. Clearly acknowledging that there were two separate individuals within Backus. Backus also must have thought that he was smarter than everyone to think he could commit these crimes and not get caught. McEvoy’s theory of why he thought Rachel was The Poet could also lead to an understanding of why Backus possibly did what he did. He knew Rachel and Backus interviewed Horace and Gladden in prison and the killing could have started because he was punishing Beltran for creating Gladden. The questions of location of the crimes, and of manner of the crimes can be theorized that Backus was very learned in crime scene investigation and he was making the incident look like a suicide, while still sexually and emotionally gratifying himself with each of the victims. All the while covering his back with Gladden as his scapegoat. A very smart and controlled man covered a very disturbed individual’s fantasies to the point when he couldn’t not act on them.

Creative Writing – The Bliss Of Acceptance

The plane's contact with the ground woke me from my semi-conscious state and I looked around anxiously, to see where I was. We had finally landed, and I felt life flow back into my limbs as I stretched in my seat. A gentle murmur rose as the plane slowed down, and the reassuring sound of the pilot echoed through the plane. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen, we have now arrived in Delhi, the temperature is a pleasant forty three degrees with cloudless skies, and local time is four fifteen PM†. Stewardesses strutted up and down isles collecting litter, and passengers began to abscond from the plane. As I lifted myself to my feet, still in a half alert state from jetlag-induced fatigue, I stumbled into the sunshine outside. The blue sky dazzled my agitated eyes, and I grumbled to myself in irritation. The scorching hot sun was already upon me, burning my unconditioned skin in a similar way to a magnifying glass burning an ant. Hours followed as we collected bags; showed passports and performed countless other tasks that made me want to curl up on the floor and lapse into hibernation. Whether I was in Delhi or London, I was still exhausted and cantankerous. Finally we managed to obtain our car, and, as I had suspected, a long trip hundreds of miles upwards to Northern India followed. On our journey, my irritation began to crumble. The first village we stopped at, where I could appreciate the scenery, was near the Punjab, in a rural area. The village itself looked primitive and simplistic, with buildings partially finished, abandoned with no roofs or waterproofing, like an unwanted animal abandoned on the street. Poverty reigned rampant, and incoherent languages flood towards me. We drew nearer to the village market, passing by unsavoury looking beggars and lone children. An old man peered at me through a half developed cataract, before falling into a coughing fit. The world around me seemed dismal. In a split moment, my impression changed. Just as the flood washes dirt from its path, so my notions about India changed. We turned the corner into the market square, and were met with a blissful scene; a crowded square full of laughing, shouting and commotion; stall owners bellowing at the top of their voices to advertise their goods, and amidst the joyful chaos young children scuttled around like playful insects. A rich variety of vivid colours met my eye in the form of scarlet apples, striking yellow bananas and earthy brown yams. Countless fruits held my gaze, which I had never known before. The poor no longer seemed menacing; a half smile on their face was noticeable, as if they were simply satisfied by the atmosphere. Everyone around me seemed happy; and the first question that I asked myself was, why? Back in London for a moment, the answer arrived. A grey sky enveloped the city, and people trudged in their various directions, minding their own businesses and keeping themselves to themselves. After living in my home for ten years, there were still people on my street I didn't know. However, the main question I was posed, which was how could people with little money, health care, and a low standard of living be happier than those living in a modernised world with excessive amounts of money and a high standard of living? The sad answer was, that we appear to have forgotten how to obtain happiness. Epicurus, a Greek philosopher living around 300 BC, spent much of his life finding out what was required to obtain true happiness. A well-known phrase of his is: The human soul is as material and mortal as the human body. To live a good life, is to exercise prudence and to enjoy life through stimulating the senses, subjecting oneself to tranquillity and scientific study. † Later, however, he concluded that to obtain true happiness one must have a number of things. Friends, a frugal lifestyle, time and thought were all considered prerequisites for happiness. Visualising the crowded metropolis of London in my mind, trying to ignore the shouting of the stall keepers intent on making me buy their spinach, I felt that we had all these. What was it that these people had that we did not? This question remained on my mind throughout my trip in India; through the bustle of the city in Jalundar; the peaceful tranquillity in the village; the faint sounds of gunshots near Kashmir; even during the humorous incident of seeing a man squat in the middle of a field only feet away from a road. Sitting back at home in London listening to the gentle drumming of the rain, I contemplated why it was so hard for the Western man to gain happiness. Like the correct document finally being found in a stack of papers, I finally produced the answer. A Ch'an (Zen) Buddhist once said: â€Å"Humans are afflicted with all external forms of life: we are subject to life and death, pleasure and pain, love and fear, good and evil, beautiful and ugly. We tend to sway, or strive towards one side, and reject its opposite. There is no real escape of one or the other, yet we somehow believe that sooner or later, we will be able to conquer the other side if we stay focused long enough. † The reason the average man in the West could not find happiness lies in acceptance. Driven relentlessly by the Capitalist machine, we are constantly told we must improve, do better, get promoted, find a better job, or save for the latest electronic gadget. The real obstacle in the way of happiness was an excess of opportunity in the West, which in turn sows the seeds in men's mind that they can achieve better all the time, leaving only a handful of people who achieve their goal, and reject the rest of the spoiled harvest of the population who are scarred with depression and left with an 'empty feeling' in life: that they have achieved nothing. It could be said that pain is essential for pleasure, if pleasure is to be known as pleasure. If we did not know of evil in the world, then how would we be able to distinguish good? Denial of one of these extremes is similar to denying the existence of both. If we believe that evil cannot exist, or that we can block it from our lives, then good cannot exist, because then there is nothing to measure it against. However, if we accept that both good and evil exist in our lives, it can allow us to feel more at home in the world, perhaps obtaining happiness. Looking back to India as evidence for this, I remembered an encounter with a family of peasants. The husband of the family was a peasant, working for the richer men as a farmer, constantly toiling at the fields every day with no hope of extra pay or advancement in his job. The wife of the family took care of their four children, all destined for the same lifestyle, in what many would call an endless, and pointless cycle. However, far from pitying them, I envied them. They were contented with their lives; they earned enough money to live under a roof with adequate food and drink. The end result of this was that they were happy; they had no ambitions to gain wealth, and were satisfied with their lot. To be truly happy we must not linger in the past, or hypothesise about the future, but live life for the moment, and enjoy its small pleasures. By losing the foresight of the future, or hindsight in the past, we open up that world of acceptance. Some people will steal because they see that they have something more in their future. Some people will perform good deeds because they desire to feel better about themselves. In this society, we can never truly be completely happy. From our first few years of life we have ambitions: to decide what we will be when we grow up, and how we will choose to live our lives. Without these ambitions society would, unfortunately, not function correctly; no one would have any motivation to do well at their jobs and get promoted, as the idea of a Marxist/Communist society shows. It seems to me the human population has dug itself into a pit where the light of true happiness is growing more and more remote as we dig further and further down. There will always be, even in the mind of a Buddhist monk or Christian nun, a growing desire to gain something else, no matter what it may be. This, I conclude, makes it impossible for anyone in the modern 21st Century to gain the status of ‘Buddha', or ‘The Enlightened, or Blissful One'.

Legal Implications of Social Media and the Hiring Process

MBA 610 Final Paper Legal Implications of Social Media and the Hiring Process Tammy Rider October 17, 2012 Social media has become one of the most important tools in business practices. Companies can advertise their services and products for nothing or next to nothing, network with other businesses, generate new business, connect with their customers, and provide a valuable research tool. It has changed the face of business as we know it. With this wonderful innovation comes responsibility. Employers and employees alike must face new rules and laws associated with their social media practices.One such practice that has become important in the business world is the use of social media during the hiring process. Some companies even go so far as to request job applicants for their username and passwords for such sites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter. Where do the rights of employers and the rights of employees fit into this new high tech world? The legal system faces new challeng es every day regarding this relatively young business quandary. Where should the lines of privacy be drawn?How much social media information should an employer be permitted to use during the screening process for hiring a new employee? It has just recently come to the media’s attention that some employers ask their job applicants for their Facebook login information and password. However, the reality is that employers have been using social media to investigate these applicants for years. In 2011, Reppler, a social media monitoring service, conducted a survey of 300 hiring professionals to learn if, when, and how they are using social media to screen job applicants.The study found that 91% of recruiters or hiring managers use social networking sites to screen prospective employees. Out of these recruiters and hiring managers, 69% revealed that they have denied employment to a job applicant due to something they found on an applicant’s social networking site (1). Employ ers, however, should take caution when using the information they find to make a decision whether to hire an applicant or throw their application in the trash.It would seem that technology is outpacing the law in this area; however, employers should very seriously review the information they find and be sure that it does not lead to a liability under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, or some other state or federal employment discrimination laws. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) states that an employer must provide a disclosure that a consumer report or background check will be performed to their job applicants, and should obtain signed authorization by the applicant to proceed with this research.It is also the duty of the company to provide notice to the job applicant that they will take adverse action to not hire them before the company actually takes that action, and provide a post-adverse action notice (2). It is interesting to note that these FCRA requirements do not apply to e mployers who perform their own background checks without using a consumer-reporting agency to obtain the information. Human resources hiring managers that perform a social media search on a job applicant are not bound to these FCRA regulations to provide disclosure and gain consent from the applicant.This is where it gets tricky! Although a hiring manager may not have to adhere to the FCRA regulations, they may still be confronted with other state and federal laws regarding employment discrimination and privacy. In the past, employers have been very careful to not invade employee privacy, base any employment decisions on protected characteristics, or ask unlawful questions during the interview process. In the past few years though, employers have been using social media to screen applicants on a regular basis, whether formally or informally.By performing these pre-employment research screenings on job applicants using social media profiles, employers are setting themselves up to dis crimination claims under federal, state, and local laws. Since this area is still fuzzy and grey as far as the law is concerned, employers need to stay informed and educated to protect themselves from potential lawsuits. Consulting with an attorney who specializes in this field would be a wise decision. As the laws evolve, so must the employer’s behaviors.By reviewing social networking profiles and information, employers are learning about job applicants’ religious beliefs, marital status, family relationships, race, ethnicity, medical conditions, and other information that cannot be used to make an employment-based decision. This is information that is considered as protected characteristics even though an applicant or employee has made it public on a social media profile. As a result, employers must take care when performing such research.Ultimately, should a discrimination claim arise, the employer will have the burden of proof to demonstrate that the decision to re ject a job applicant was based on a legitimate non-discriminatory reason, rather than the fact that the employer learned of the job applicant’s sexual orientation, the projected due date of the job applicant’s baby, or any other protected characteristic. So the question that persists is how can we make use of social media without disrupting any discrimination laws?Some of the job-related information found in a profile may be highly valuable in determining an applicant’s qualifications for the job. One practical method is to only allow someone who is not involved in the hiring of the specific position to be the person who conducts the social media background check. Then, when the social media background check is completed, that person can summarize the job-related information that may be helpful in considering the applicant, and can make no mention of the â€Å"protected† information (race, religion, medical condition, etc. that would otherwise get the emp loyer into trouble. This way, the hiring manager, or ultimate decision-maker, receives only the job-related information, and can demonstrate that the information unknown to him or her had nothing to do with the decision to hire another candidate. Furthermore, before the job opening is even posted, employers should be clear about what they are really looking for in a social media background check, and whether it is necessary for the particular position.For example, the importance and extent of a social media background may depend on the position the company needs to fill (for example, a CFO position versus a seasonal stockroom employee). Certainly, employers should be doing enough pre-hiring due diligence to avoid potential claims of negligent hiring, but they must balance those concerns with finding out information that exposes them to liability for discrimination. There exists yet another level of privacy invasion that some businesses have been practicing. Asking for a job applican t’s login and password information goes beyond simply surfing the web for research purposes.Some hiring managers get around this request by having the job candidate log into their Facebook account, for instance, during an in-person interview. These potential candidates are put into a compromising position. Should they refuse this request or just do it to keep them in the running for the job? Do these employer requests violate the federal Stored Communications Act or the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act? The laws surrounding the Stored Communications Act prohibit intentional access to electronic information without authorization or intentionally exceeding that authorization, 18 U.S. C.  § 2701. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act prohibits intentional access to a computer to obtain information without authorization, 18 U. S. C.  § 1030(a) (2) (C). Are these laws being violated when companies request login information from job applicants? It would certainly be a violation if the c ompany broke into an account to access the information without authorization. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission will have to determine whether employers who request this login information are violating anti-discrimination statutes.State legislators are beginning to introduce legislation that aims to prohibit this practice. In April 2012, Maryland was first to introduce a bill to ban employers from demanding Facebook or other social networking login information and passwords. Other states have followed or are currently following suit with bills of their own. For instance, California introduced the â€Å"Social Media Privacy Act† to legislature which would protect the social media privacy rights of students and employees (3).The law is attempting to catch up with technology, beginning with the states and expanding federally in the future. It is in this writer’s opinion that employers should consider the non-legal ramifications of this social media dilemma in ad dition to the legal implications. By demanding this private information they are setting themselves up to lose some of their best employees or potential employees simply because they believe in their rights to privacy and refuse to give access to their social media credentials.Employers should weigh what is most important to them and evaluate what they stand to lose. Employee morale may suffer and an environment of distrust may take precedence. These conditions are not conducive to a healthy workplace resulting in poor performance and poor productivity. Is this really worth the tiny bit of extra information that may be revealed by invading a person’s social media profile? Businesses must stay on top of developing legislation to protect themselves. Job seekers should also remain educated on their rights.It is sad to think that a person may find themselves wanted a job so badly they would be willing to hand over any information that is requested of them. We will probably see th e emergence of a new department in most companies. This department will be responsible for technology privacy education and enforcement which could save the business millions of dollars in lawsuits. The future of technology isn’t slowing down one bit. The law may never catch up, but it will keep pushing forward to protect the rights of employers and employees. Social media is just that: social.What a person does outside of the workplace is, in most cases, of no concern to the business. As they say, don’t mix business with your personal life and vice versa. If we allow that to happen, where will the line be drawn? The line must be drawn now. Works Cited (1) Swallow, Erica, â€Å"How Recruiters Use Social Networks to Screen Candidates†, October 23, 2011, http://mashable. com/2011/10/23/how-recruiters-use-social-networks-to-screen-candidates-infographic. (2) http://www. ftc. gov/os/statutes/031224fcra. pdf (3) http://epic. org/privacy/workplace/

PESTEL ANALYSIS Essays - Economy, Strategic Management, Academia

PESTEL ANALYSIS Essays - Economy, Strategic Management, Academia PESTEL ANALYSIS Name: Adil Al Riyami . Prepared to:- Role number: PESTLE analysis is referring to a technique that is generally maintained by companies to identify t he differences of features that identify the style and shape of the surroundings to determine the company's functionality. PESTLE is containing different part lie the political-legal, economic, socio-cultural, environmental and technological factors, this technique is playing a major part in the presentation of the company in service and the advanced plan that will guide the vision of the association . The importance of PESTLE analysis is appearing while used during the process of managements planning because of its reality which is a necessary element used by the firm to organize the diversity of macro environmental characteristic which the trade is supposed to obtain as a channel to plan differing approach for well-organized view method and manufacturing analysis . PESTLE a nalysis has been used to evaluate the changing in the markets development or decline. The analysis is shooing the potentiality of the business and the proper path of the company to attain. The PESTLE formation is assisting the corporations to evaluate the differences that the firm is going through and the influences that may affect the firm's procedure. In this essay the PESTLE factors of Marks and Spencer will be discussed. Marks and Spencer is a worldwide retail company. It has also different names that advertise for goods in many states around the globe. As the company's business extended to be globalized they have to put under consideration the outer situation that may effect in the business functionality. The company is relaying on their brand name as an assurance to their progressivity. The firm is producing a high quality garments. They have a brave covering over the whole inner application to protect and give an important to the conditions of their products and buyers loyalty. In order to continue for many years in the market the firm has put under consideration the importance of the development which took place in the market and also the change in the surrounding globe. The company know is operating worldwide for franchises and its profit is more than 3 billion . The target of present market is consisting in garments, groceries , fittings and fiscal services. The foll owing part is discussing PESTLE analysis of the Ma rks and Spencer. First of all, will discuss the Political and legal factor which considered the most important feature of the PESTLE analysis. As the firm is operating worldwide they have to consider the surrounding place because the exterior behavior and incidents can influence the firm's trade and service. Considering the political factors which is determining the organizations wealth and political situations are influencing the trades performance. Therefore, we can say the political factors have an importance role in determining the process and procedure affect the outer atmosphere. Marks and Spencer is a firm that emerged in UK and after the approving of the trade agreements of the European Union that assist the firm's smooth and easy progress which enhanced Marks and Spence's chances for empowering and success in the market. Also one of the factors that helped Marks and Spencer to be one of the leading firms in the globe is the official authority which embraces the National legislation in which health and safety of the consumers is considered. The corporations have to make sure that any of their goods and services is appropriate for human's consumption; they have to implement the human rights in their daily process and also considering the environment while manufacturing. That's why we can see many green firms which encourage the renewable and recycling methods by this the corporation is required to arrang e a proper line of attack in order to uphold its market contribution . Second is the Economic factor which refers to the economy of a country. The economy in certain country may determine the outcome o f the business. The firm has to imply specific function and follow a creation procedure for such commerce . The inner ground rules of financial aspects that firms cover to put reflection during conducting an exterior situation embrace the economic growth, prices boost rate, interest rates and

Nursing Documentation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Documentation - Term Paper Example The term records is used in this periodical to mean any written by electronic means generated information about a patient that describes the service or duty of care provided to that client. Health records may be paper documents or electronic documents, such as images, electronic medical records, faxes, e-mails and video record or audio. Body Via documentation, nurses converse their explanations, decisions, procedures and consequences of this deed for clients. Records used as exact explanation of what happen and when it happened, hence they give clear information on them. From documentation, information given to individual clients or groups of clients according to the nature of the individuals relates to the consequences of observation. For individual clients, documentation provides entire statement of the status of the client, the proceedings of the nurse, and the client results. Nursing documentation clearly describes an evaluation of the client’s fitness status, nursing inte rventions carried out, and the result of these interventions on client impacts. From nursing health chart, care plan records client’s requirement such as goals of clients and wishes. If care plan, needs any change nurses usually report the information to other health care or physician on behalf of client. For groups of client, this document provides information about therapy groups and public health programs service records hence nurses record overall observations pertaining to the group (Carpenito, 2009). Reasons for nursing documentation Nursing documentation usually help in facilitating communication, it provides good nursing care and it meets professional legal standards. Facilitation of communication Nurses usually communicate with other nurses, client and family members of client. In addition, documents usually show interventions that nurses used and outcome from them and care provided to the client by health team (Lippincot & Wilkins, 2007). Promotion of good nursing c are Documentation is used as a source of fund and it gives management a good picture on how to pay their nurses hence carrying out nursing resources on how nurses produced their job such as if the quality of work given is low or high. Nurses also make decision on work based with outcome information and they make changes from base evidence (Treas, & Wilkinson, 2013). Meeting professional and legal standards Documentation helps management to acknowledge nurses skills and knowledge via nursing client relationship. In a court of law, the client’s health record serves as the legal record of the care or service provided. Measurement of Nursing care and the documentation of that care measures according to the standards. Tools for documentation Documentation has tools such as flow sheets, worksheets and checklists, Care maps and client care plan are some of tools used to describe health records (Treas, & Wilkinson, 2013). Worksheets Nurses use worksheets to classify care provided to manage their time and many rights of the client. They also communicate surgeries, upcoming test and available orders in the clinic. Client care plans Client care plan are outlines of individual care and they make permanent health record I hospital. They also used to record clearly the wishes and needs of client. Flow sheets and checklists Flow sheets and checklists are also used in document routine care, observations and records kept on a regular basis, and there are permanent health

Leadership Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Plan - Case Study Example Leadership is the most crucial position in any organization. As a leader, one should be able to identify vision and goals of the organization and establish clear ways of accomplishing the goals. While in a leadership role one influences decisions and shows his relevance in the group. The leader should also be creative enough to solve arising problems in the organization. Joan with the leadership role as a manager of the firm is expected to lead the company in establishing ways of going green as the community expects. The leadership role is faced with a variety of challenges, as Joan is new in the position. In addition, there is much pressure on the company from the decision of going green, and the responsibility of the manager is to enforce the move. For these reasons, the incumbent should give results to convince management and employees that she is competent to office. If one in a leadership role gives results, they will get support from both management and employees. Due to this, any decisions made by the leader will enjoy the support from employees, therefore, establishing a better working relationship (Ciampa, & Watkins, 1999). In doing all the above, one in a leadership role should be able to understand and interpret the environment in which the business operates. Developing winning strategies is also a critical factor and executing them in a brilliant manner. Lastly, leadership role involves measuring of the impact of policies established and adjusting them accordingly. It is also the mandate of individuals in leadership positions to develop organizational, departmental, team and personal capabilities. As a leader, Joan should be able to understand and interpret the environment by identifying opportunities that should be the target of action. In addition, she should be in a position to identify threats to the company before they materialize (Bolden, 2011). As an individual leader, the

Using Life Story Work to Enhance Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Using Life Story Work to Enhance Care - Essay Example The idea of life story work could be traced to the 1960s or just before this period. However, many of the discussions on the use of this intervention on dementia patients, foster care and adoption children became more widespread in the 1980s and later years. Due to these discussions, life story work is currently a well documented concept, especially in the UK where the concept has even been integrated into the adoption legislations (Rusell & Timmons, 2007). Academic and professional discussions and debates have not discussed the application of life story work but also the professionals supposed to be involved in life story work. One of these professionals is the social worker. In this regard, social workers are required to take the critical role of making certain that clients such as children under adoption care or soon to be adopted have a life story record or book. Since social workers are perhaps the bearers of the most accurate information on a child’s background and upbri nging and the reasons for which such children were placed under foster or adoption care, it is essential that such information is availed for use in life story work interventions. Besides social workers, the other people expected to use life story work are foster care givers, residential support workers and adoptive parents. In addition, children’s carers have the best information on their daily lives and achievement, which they should give for the benefit of life story work. Birth parents are also important bearers of children’s life events and achievements and should provide such information for use on adopted children or on their own children (Rusell & Timmons, 2007). In addition to the named groups, any willing adults or bearers of any important information on the lives and times of life story work clients should come forward and present such materials. Importantly, such a person should be willing and able to spend time with such a client or a child so that a stron g and trusting relationship is built between them. Nonetheless, some stakeholders opine that untrained persons should not support clients with life story work even if they are nurses, social workers or foster carers. A point worth noting about life story work is that the gender, ethnicity, religion or culture of the parties to a life story work should be taken into account and respected (Rusell & Timmons, 2007). The Principles and Benefits of Life Story Work As a social and medical intervention, life story work is based on several core principles, which practitioners such as nurses and social workers should uphold. As must have been understood by now, life story work targets people (children and adults) who may have forgotten or have a fragmented idea or understanding of their own history or a broken sense of themselves. Thus, life story work seeks or attempts to assist such people to have a redeemed or stronger sense of their history and identity, in the process helping them make s ense of their lives, situations and history. In general, life story should aim at answering clients’ and carers’ questions regarding what happened, when, how and why certain events occurred to clients. Thus, a rather holistic approach to life story work is recommended. In this approach, the influences that every individual in a person’s life may have on his or her life and experiences are

Samsung Going Global Essay Example for Free

Samsung Going Global Essay Almost one in five televisions shipped during the third quarter of 2009 had a Samsung label on it. Thats according to DisplaySearch, a market research company that tracks sales of TVs. As The Wall Street Journal noted on Wednesday, Samsungs 17. 2 percentand growingshare of the worldwide TV market is a big deal. No company has had a 20 percent share of televisions since TVs were first sold. The speed with which Samsung has overtaken its competitors is fairly remarkable as well. Just four years ago, the company lagged behind Sony, who was then the king of the new flat-panel scene. Since passing Sony in sales, Samsung has doubled the number of TVs it ships every year. Samsung shipped 38 million TVs last year, according to DisplaySearch, and a goal for 2010 is to sell 45 million TVs. Sony, meanwhile, has floundered in the market it once dominated. Its worldwide market share of flat-panel TVs is 5. 9 percent, according to Display Search. Thats behind LG (14. 8 percent), Panasonic (6. 9 percent), and TCL Electronics/RCA/Thomson/Alcatel (6. 6 percent). For Samsung, broad consumer acceptance of flat-panel technology has been a boon, and it appears that the company plans to milk it. Of the 38 million TVs the company shipped last year, 27. 5 million were liquid crystal displays, or LCDs, and 3. 5 million were plasma displays. An executive told the Journal that Samsung wants its total number of flat-panel sets to increase to 39 million this year. Samsung has been one of the major manufacturers pushing LCD technology with light-emitting diode, or LED, backlighting, as well as Web-connected sets, and focusing less on new display technologies such as organic light-emitting diode, or OLED, technology.

Diabetes Education: The Increase In Diabetes

Diabetes Education: The Increase In Diabetes Diabetes is becoming a worldwide epidemic. It is one of the biggest health challenges that the United Kingdom (UK) is facing today with one person being diagnosed with diabetes every 3 minutes (Diabetes UK, 2009). The latest data indicates that there are now 2.8 million of people with diabetes in UK and nine out of ten people diagnosed with diabetes are Type 2 diabetes (2.5 millions). According to health experts, UK is now facing a huge public health problem and the figure is set to rise to four million by the year 2025. (Diabetes UK, 2010). The alarming increase in diabetes prevalence is a great cause of concern and has a devastating economic effect. Recent estimate shows that 10% of National Health System (NHS) spending equivalent to 9 billion pounds a year, 1 million pounds per hour goes on diabetes (Diabetes UK, 2008). The direct and indirect cost to the NHS of caring for people with Type 2 diabetes and its complications are staggering and will continue to rise with the increasing incidence of the disease. As a result of this health crisis and significant financial burden, the NHS needs to respond to this massive strain by looking at more effective and efficient ways of providing diabetes care. It is therefore of primary importance for our local primary care diabetes services to identify ways to deliver an effective quality care for people with diabetes to counter this worrying trend. 1.1 Diabetes Education Diabetes education has been considered as one of the key components of diabetes care since the 1930s and has been increasingly recognised as an integral part of the disease (Atak Arslan, 2005). Nicolucci et al (1996) demonstrated that people who have never received diabetes education had a striking fourfold increased risks of developing major diabetes complications. Furthermore, the study done by Rickiem et al (2002), showed that diabetes education has an overall positive effect on the health and psychosocial outcome. It helps to improve patients skills and knowledge on the condition and enables beneficial change in the behaviour. Diabetes education has a profound effect on glycemic control, quality of life and treatment satisfaction (clinical governance support team, 2004). Stratton et al (2000) suggested that improving Hba1c by just 1% through diabetes education can significantly reduce risk of complications. In view of all the evidence, the importance of diabetes education has been highlighted and well advocated by the National Service Framework (NSF) and National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2003) . The NSF emphasizes that diabetes education should be made available from the point of diagnosis onwards and proposes that education should involve a structured program for people who have been newly diagnosed. This has been encouraged by NICE which recommends that all patients received structured education at initial diagnosis and then on a regular basis according to need (NICE, 2003). However there is insufficient evidence currently available to recommend a specific type of education or provide guidance on the setting for, or frequency of, sessions. In this context, how best to provide structured education to people with diabetes is an important question. NICE acknowledge the limited evidence to suggest which approach is most appropriate and state that to achieve maximum effectiveness, some principle of good practice should be in place(NICE, 2003). According to NICE criteria, diabetes education should reflect the principle of adult learning, provided by trained educators including a DSN or practice nurse with diabetes experience, and a dietitian, use a variety of techniques to promote active learning, be accessible to the broadest range of people taking into account their ethnicity, culture and beliefs. 1.2 Aim of Diabetes Education The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2003) states that the aim of education for people with diabetes is: To improve their knowledge and skills, enabling them to take control of their own condition and to integrate self-management into their daily lives. Diabetes education should allow people to engage in their own health to put what theyve learned into action. Traditional health education can give them the information they need but the learning experience may not engage and empower them to use what theyve learned in their daily lives. Education was focused on passive didactic format where patients do not interact with the educator and generally use a lecture or print format (Norris et al, 2001). Middleton et al (2006) found that its purpose was often unclear to both patients and health care professionals. The old model of education is outmoded and ineffective (Skinner et al, 2007). Education has now moved towards a collaborative format where patient actively participate in the learning process through small group discussion, role playing and other interactive techniques (Norris et al, 2001). 1.3 Patient Centered Approach and Empowerment The National Service Framework for diabetes (DoH, 2001) standard 3 states that all people with diabetes will: Receive a service which encourages partnership in decision-making, supports them in managing their diabetes and helps them to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of diabetes education is clear. It should empower people with diabetes to make informed choices about their condition (Funnel and Anderson, 2003). Anderson et al (1991) at the Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center (MDRTC) introduced empowerment into patient education in diabetes at the beginning of the 1990s in the US. They implemented empowerment group education programmes in diabetes (empowerment programme) and evaluated their programme. An improvement in self-efficacy and glycaemic control was reported among the patients who had participated in the programme compared to those in the wait-listed control group. Following the valuation of patient educational interventions for people with type 2 diabetes during the 21st century, Deakin et al (2006) showed that there is a trend to actively involve patients in their care in accordance with the empowerment philosophy. The investigator compared group education programmes with routine diabetes care and found that group-based programmes involving patient empowerment has positive effect on biomedical and psychological out come. The concept of empowerment requires an initial understanding of what the treatment pathway is trying to achieve and is continual information sharing process encompassing learning and behaviour change which aims to allow the patient to take responsibility for their own condition. (Meetoo and Gopaul, 2004) For empowerment to be effective it is important for patients to have the appropriate information to enable them to make informed choices, if they have the capability and desire to do so. They need to be able to agree plans and set goals with the support of the care team. To do so, it is important for them to understand their disease.The NSF set to ensure that people with diabetes are empowered to enhance their personal control on a day to day management of the condition. Implications for service planning were highlighted detailing how NHS will need to develop, review and audit education program to empower people with diabetes, (DoH, 2001) People are more likely to make behavioural changes if they are facilitated through patient centered care rather than imposed by care based on the medical model of delivery (DoH, 2001a).The philosophy of practice which support patient centered approached for diabetes education is well documented in chapter 3 of the DoH publication structured patient education in diabetes: report from the patient education working group (DoH, 2005). Specific strategies that grew out of the patient centered model included the following: affirming that the person with diabetes is responsible for and in control of the daily self-management of diabetes; educating patients to promote informed decision making rather than adherence/compliance; learning to set behavioural goals so that patients can make changes of their own choosing; integrating clinical, psychosocial, and behavioural aspects of diabetes self-management; affirming the participants as experts on their own learning needs; affirming the ability of participants to determine an approach to diabetes self-management that will work for them; affirming the innate capacity of patients to identify and learn to solve their own problems; respecting cultural, ethnic, and religious beliefs of the target population; creating opportunities for social support; and Providing ongoing self-management support. Overall the diabetes education must provide knowledge and skills, be tailored to the needs of the individual and include skills-based approaches to education. It should support people with diabetes to adopt and maintain a healthy lifestyle, prevent and manage diabetes related complications that will result in improved quality of life and self-management. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to work in partnerships in the decision-making process to support the individual to manage his or her condition. 1.4 Effectiveness of Diabetes Group Education The manner in which education is delivered can be the subject of much debate. Education can be delivered in a one to one session or in group settings. Diabetes group education has been seen as an effective intervention since 1970 (Mensing, 2003). Traditionally, it was more of a medical model where patients handed their medical problem for the doctors to cure. They are told what to do and expecting good results (Calabretta, 2002). As the process of group education has evolved over time, diabetes education has changed from a medical didactic presentation to more of theoretical, patient centered and empowerment model. Diabetes group education is now seen as a first line approach to improve diabetes outcome. With the increase in number of people diagnosed with diabetes, more education is being delivered now in groups as compared to the past. The environment should support and reinforce self management and patients and their health care should work in collaborative way. Self management can only be successful in a well organised and coordinated diabetes service where patients are supported to make informed choices (Norris et al, 2001). Several reviews and meta- analyses provide valuable information on the effectiveness of group education. Mullen et al( 1985) found that patient knowledge about their medication significantly improved in group education, one to one counselling , written and other audiovisual material. Norris et al (2002) suggest that the literature in diabetes education is divided although there may be more positive effect on group education as compared to the individual one. Deakin et al(2006) showed that there is some evidence to support group-based diabetes self-management education as an effective way to improve knowledge and glycemic control and to reduce BP, body mass index (BMI), and the need for diabetes medication. However, a number of issues arise when reviewing the literature on the relative effectiveness of group education compared to individual ones. Some researchers make comparison difficult by focusing on different outcome rather than the delivery format whereas others compare it with usual program without considering the relative effectiveness (Mensing,2003). Wilson (1997) noted that it is not easy to figure out whether the outcome is from an educational approach based on a specific theory or from intervention applied to a specific setting and population. Given these issues and limitation, it is difficult to draw conclusion about group effectiveness. More evaluation research must be done in this field to answer these questions. NICE (2003) has highlighted the effectiveness of group education sessions .For healthcare professionals, group sessions are considered as the most cost-effective way of delivering education. In the present financial climate, and with the increase in the numbers of people with newly diagnosed diabetes, it could be argued that group education is the only way forward if healthcare professionals are to be able to provide education for the majority of people with diabetes. A group approach to patient education makes sense from what we already know about the positive effects of peer support and the inadequacies of the brief medical appointment. The potential benefit of an effective group education programme for people with type 2 diabetes is to enhance skill and knowledge, to make positive behavioural changes for better metabolic outcome, psychological outcome and improve quality of life. 1.5 The Two National Programs for people with type 2 Diabetes : XPERT AND DESMOND Most people diagnosed with diabetes are offered some sort of education, at least when they are diagnosed (NICE, 2008). However, there is still much debate over the educa ­tional approach that is most effective in delivering such crucial health information in a way that leads to measurable changes in patient behaviour and improved clinical outcomes. The two national group education programs available for adults with type 2 diabetes are (DESMOND) and X-PERT program. Both are patient centered, meet the NICE key criteria, flexible in their content and adaptable to patients educational and cultural background. However, the two structured group varies in their cost implication and duration of the program. Depending upon primary care trust funding funding, avaibility of health care professionals and what best suits patients, either DESMOND or X_PERT are chosen to be delivered by the primary care trust. 1.51 XPERT DIABETES PROGRAM The X-PERT diabetes programme is a six-week professionally-led programme based on the theories of patient empowerment and patient activation. The X-PERT course is designed to be delivered to anyone diagnosed with diabetes It aims to increase knowledge, skills and confidence leading to informed decisions regarding diabetes self-management (Deakin Whitham,2010). Participation in the X-PERT Programme by adults with type 2 diabetes has been shown at 14 months to have led to improved glycaemic control, reduced total cholesterol level, improved body mass index and waist circumference, reduced requirement for diabetes medication, increased consumption of fruit and vegetables, increased enjoyment of food, and improved knowledge of diabetes, self-empowerment, self-management skills and treatment satisfaction (Deakin et al, 2006). Contents of the X-PERT Diabetes Programme include: What is diabetes? The eatwell plate and energy balance. Carbohydrate awareness and glycaemic index. The benefits of physical activity. Supermarket tour and understanding food labels. Possible complications of diabetes and their prevention. Lifestyle experiment. Are you an X-PERT? Game. Care Planning: the lifestyle experiment. There is a one off cost to run X-PERT and this is approximated to  £1400. 1.52 DESMOND The DESMOND programme was launched in 2004, and is currently the most familiar education programme provided in the UK. It was developed as a collaborative project involving a multidisciplinary, multicentre collaborative team which agreed upon a core set of philosophical principles to the use of informed choice as the key to empowerment. They drew the program on three theoretical approaches: the common-sense model of illness, social learning theory, and use of a discovery learning process (DESMOND, 2004). DESMOND aims to educate patients about type 2 diabetes. It provides resources for them to manage their disease, and offer a group-based opportunity to meet and share experiences with others in the same situation .The DESMOND programme is facilitated by two health care professionals who have been formally trained. The course is usually delivered for 6 hours and is based on a formal curriculum. It is offered either as a 1-day or 2 half-day sessions and accommodates 6-10 patients in one group. DESMOND helps to promote the understanding of type 2 diabetes, allowing the patients to be more knowledgeable about the condition and what can benefit their long-term health. It encourages patient to work together with the health care professionals to take an active role in the management of their type 2 diabetes. It helps patients to see their illness in a well define way which drives them for positive changes. The program content includes: Thoughts and feelings of the patients around their condition. Understanding diabetes and glucose: what actually happens in the body. Understanding the risk factors and complications associated with diabetes. Understanding monitoring and medications. How to take control: Food Choices and Physical Activity. Future care plan. DESMOND was piloted in 15 English PCTs between January and May 2004 (Skinner, 2006). Initial abstracts of preliminary research findings were presented at the Diabetes UK annual conference in 2005. Pilot data indicated the DESMOND course for newly diagnosed individuals changed important illness beliefs. At three month follow-up there was a reported improvement in quality of life and metabolic control. DESMOND was revised following feedback from all involved parties. A larger randomised controlled trial was conducted involving 824 adult patients in 207 general practices in 13 primary care sites in the United Kingdom. The results showed that compared to patients who did not undergo the DESMOND programme there were greater improvements in weight loss and smoking cessation and positive improvements in beliefs about illness but there were no differences in haemoglobin A1C levels up to 12 months after diagnosis (Davies et al,2008). The author feels that it is difficult to compare DESMOND to X-PERT because of the different populations (newly diagnosed diabetes compared with established diabetes) and because the study concerned multiple sites and educators. In response to the Hba1c the author commented that it is usual for noticeable reductions to occur in levels shortly after diagnosis and in terms of showing a difference in levels between groups, patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes may be the most difficult in which to demonstrate this(Davie s et al,2008). To investigate this further, a follow-up was carried out three years later. 743 participants were eligible for follow-up at 3years. Biomedical data were collected from 604 (81.3%) and questionnaire data from 536. Those followed up were older, had a higher BMI , higher waist circumference and higher depression score than those who were not. The result indicates a lack of difference in biomedical and lifestyle measure but the author reckoned that this is not unexpected as drift towards pre intervention values is commonly observed (Khunki et al, 2010) . However accumulated effects, which were not significant individually, did manifest themselves as a difference in UKPDS score. The differences in illness belief scores show that attending DESMOND results in positive changes in understanding of diabetes, which are sustained at 3 years.Therefore attending a single course at diagnosis is beneficial, but patients need to continue receiving ongoing support to help them to manage their diabetes. The study done on cost effectiveness for DESMOND found that per patient cost of providing the DESMOND Newly Diagnosed or Foundation programme compares very favourably to the provision of oral glycaemic agents(Gillet et al, 2010). The therapeutic benefit of the DESMOND structured education programme is effective as a once-off intervention to help lower biomedical markers as well as having a positive impact on peoples health beliefs and health outcomes (Gillet et al, 2010). Although it is likely that the one off DESMOND intervention is cost effective, it must be noted that the DESMOND programme was never intended as a one off intervention. Moreover, in the real world, costs of delivering the DESMOND programme are likely to vary considerably across primary care trusts. The main variables affecting the cost are the number of educators trained, the grade of healthcare professional delivering courses, venue cost, ratio of demand to head of population (including participation rate), number of patients per course, and overhead rates. It hopes to promote understanding of type 2 diabetes, allowing patients to be more knowledgeable about what will positively benefit their long-term health as they live with the condition. 1.6 Diabetes Conversation Map: Recently, healthy interaction in collaboration with Diabetes UK, sponsored by Lilly company, has introduced Diabetes Conversation Maps in UK. Diabetes Conversation Maps was created in 2005 in Canada and since then over 60% of diabetes educators has been trained for the program. It was next launched in America in 2006 and now over 20,000 health professionals have been trained. Diabetes Conversation Map serves as a facilitation tool to engage individuals in conversations around their condition and usually last for 2 hours. (Healthyi, 2005) Diabetes Conversation Map is an educational tool which has transformed healthcare education throughout the world by engaging people in meaningful conversations about their health(Healthyi, 2005). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) believes that it is one of the most important innovation in a decade. Conversation Mapà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ education tools have been developed by Healthy Interactions. They are built on the philosophy that people respond better when they are engaged, empowered, and draws their own conclusions as to why they need to change behaviours (ADA, 2006). In this way, that will be an impact on their overall health as opposed to didactic interventions where patients are told what to do by a healthcare professional. The Diabetes Conversation Map methodology creates an experience whereby patients develop their own self-management solution that accounts for their individual challenges and situation. The patients, in turn, then own the solution because it is theirs. They are subsequently much more likely to embrace and implement the change needed to improve their condition The main philosophy is that people will act on their own conclusions by engaging themselves in an experience(Healthyi, 2005). It allows them to explore health facts through dialogue and enable decision making. Conversation map shapes the way in which people are motivated for positive behavioural change. The 6 components of the map are map visuals, facts, questions, group interaction, facilitator and action plan. The program is delivered to a small group of 3-10. It facilitates discussion, not lectures and must be delivered by trained health professionals. It benefits the patients as people are visual learners and like exploring and discovering their own answers. The map is fun and provides a process that patient use to internalise and personalise health information. For educators, it is simple to use, portable and non technology dependent. The program content includes basic facts about diabetes, healthy eating, self-monitoring of blood glucose, diabetes complications, and gestational diabetes The evaluation done in Enfield showed that Diabetes Conversation Map offers several advantages (Monk, 2009). First and foremost, it enables better use of staff time as it requires one member of the healthcare team to facilitate the session, allowing more time for direct patient contact. In terms of financial implication, to run the education program, cost is very minimal. Hand-outs are provided for free from Diabetes Uk and Lilly company which can be photocopied. Although the non-attendance rate remains high in enfield, it was observed that the number of patients attending Conversation Map is better and most patient who come to the first session the other sessions. It is reported that patient get to know each other during the program which help to break down barriers and improve group dynamics (Monk , 2009). Overall, the evaluations done in Enfield area have been positive. However, the result could have been influenced by the fact that the evaluations were completed at the end of the session and handed to the facilitator. In April 2008 a survey was done to assess the effectiveness of the Diabetes Conversation Map training sessions and initial impact on diabetes self-management education (Grenci, 2010). The survey results indicated that sixty-five percent of diabetes educators attribute improved patient self-management to the Diabetes Conversation Map tools. Eighty percent of healthcare professionals say that the tools make group facilitation more interactive and engaging. More than sixty percent say that there was an increase in patient interest in diabetes education and it boosts their willingness to learn. When asked about the most effective method in helping patients to adopt positive behaviours and achieve good outcomes, forty percent of the diabetes educators believe that Diabetes Conversation Map session is most effective. Only twelve percent report that the traditional education means as effective in this survey. Ninety percent of those who have had firsthand experience with the tools suggest that they would recommend them to their peers (Grenci,2010). In terms of metabolic outcome such as Hba1c, cholesterol, blood pressure, weight and patient satisfaction, so far there is no data available. However there will be an upcoming clinical trial called Interactive Dialogue to Educate and Activate (IDEA), which is sponsored by Merck, to identify outcomes using three separate treatment arms:, patients using the Conversation Map tools, patients using individual intervention without using the Conversation Map tools, patients using no formal diabetes education but the data will only be available in five years time. The data will be gathered on an annual basis over the duration of five years and the study will look into metabolic outcomes (A1C, blood pressure, cholesterol, weight) as well as patient and educator satisfaction, knowledge retention and several other behavioural markers of success(Merck , 2009). Nevertheless, the group-based IDEA education method using the Conversation Map approach was executed as planned and showed promise to improve diabetes self-management behaviours. Clinical and behavioural outcome data are necessary and will be forthcoming. 1.7 Current Diabetes Group Education Program in NHS Bromley To fulfil the NICE criteria and provide a quality diabetes care, the NHS Bromley chose to deliver DESMOND education program for all patients who are newly diagnosed patients. DESMOND has been ongoing for the past four years but the cost implication to deliver DESMOND is  £5000 per year plus ongoing  £5/person for the resources. With a diabetes population of 13,000 and about 10-15 referrals received on a weekly basis for DESMOND, NHS Bromley is striving towards an enhanced Diabetes Service to meet the increased demands and to curb the economic burden. In view of the strong positive feedback from diabetes educators in the US, the short duration of the program and the cost, NHS Bromley feel that Diabetes Conversation Map may be an alternative that could be used. As there is a lack of data for metabolic outcome and patient satisfaction, this study will be undertaken to evaluate which group education is more effective to be delivered at NHS Bromley. 2.0 Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of DESMOND Group education program versus Diabetes Conversation Map group education program for people who are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at NHS Bromley. It is a requirement of the NSF for diabetes that education is available to everybody with type 2 diabetes. At present, DESMOND is the most widely used programme available in the community setting, however this may not meet the needs of every local population. The Conversation Map tools may be an alternative or additional tool that could be used. In Enfield these have been used with success. The author is aware of work that has been ongoing to ensure that this method of education is fully compliant with the NICE criteria and is keen to implement this as soon as it is available. 2.1 Objectives: To measure patient biomedical outcome before and 3 months after the delivery of both group educations To assess patient satisfaction before and after the delivery of both group educations. 2.2 Hypothesis: DESMOND and Diabetes Conversation Group Education will have different biomedical outcome DESMOND and Diabetes Conversation Group education will have different patient satisfaction and quality of life outcome. 2.3 Study Design: Questionnaire Survey involving both quantitative and qualitative design analysis.